Engine Cooling System
Why is an Engine Cooling System required?
While operating, the engine generates high temperature (200 to 250 degree Celcius). If this heated engine is not cooled properly, it will lead to problems such as: (i) Engine seizure, (ii) Oil breakdown, and (iii) Loss of performance. An Engine Cooling System removes excess heat from the engine and helps maintain an optimal working temperature.
Types of Engine Cooling Systems
- Air Cooling System: This uses air to cool the engine surface. There is no radiator but fins on the engine dissipate the heat. This system is used in smaller engines (bikes, scooters, etc.)..
- Liquid Cooling System: This uses a coolant (water or antifreeze) to absorb the vehicle's engine heat. The coolant is circulated via a water pump through the radiator, hoses, and passages.
Primary Components of a Cooling System
- Radiator: This releases heat from the coolant.
- Water Pump: This circulates the coolant through the engine framework.
- Thermostat: This controls the coolant flow based on the temperature.
- Coolant: This is the fluid that absorbs the engine heat.
- Fan: Blows air on the radiator.
- Hoses: They carry the coolant between the parts of the engine framework.
- Reservoir Tank: This stores the excess coolant.
Summarizing the Function of the Liquid Cooling System
The engine heats up and the coolant absorbs the heat.The water pump pushes the coolant to the radiator. The radiator releases the heat into the air. Subsequently the cooled fluid (coolant) returns to the engine.
Coolant - The coolant is a special liquid composed of ethylene glycol and water.
Thermostat Valve
The Thermostat Valve remains closed when the engine is cold. Once the engine temperature is between 80 to 90 degrees centigrade, the thermostat valve opens, the coolant begins to flow, and the optimal temperature is maintained.
Common Cooling System Problems
- Overheating: Likely cause - Low coolant or fan failure.
- Leakage: Likely cause - Broken hose or radiator cap.
- Rust in Radiator: Likely cause - Old coolant or lack of proper engine servicing.
- No Coolant Circulation: Likely cause - Water pump failure.
Maintenance Tips
- Regularly check coolant level.
- Inspect hoses and clamps frequently.
- Flush the radiator annually.
- Only use the recommended coolant mix.